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  131.   <section id="api-reference">
    132. 

  132. <span id="string-formatting-api"></span><h1>API Reference<a class="headerlink" href="#api-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
    133. 

  133. <p>The {fmt} library API consists of the following parts:</p>
    134. 

  134. <ul class="simple">
    135. 

  135. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#core-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/core.h</span></a>: the core API providing main formatting functions
    136. 

  136. for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span></code>/UTF-8 with C++20 compile-time checks and minimal dependencies</p></li>
    137. 

  137. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#format-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/format.h</span></a>: the full format API providing additional
    138. 

  138. formatting functions and locale support</p></li>
    139. 

  139. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#ranges-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/ranges.h</span></a>: formatting of ranges and tuples</p></li>
    140. 

  140. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#chrono-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/chrono.h</span></a>: date and time formatting</p></li>
    141. 

  141. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#std-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/std.h</span></a>: formatters for standard library types</p></li>
    142. 

  142. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#compile-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/compile.h</span></a>: format string compilation</p></li>
    143. 

  143. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#color-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/color.h</span></a>: terminal color and text style</p></li>
    144. 

  144. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#os-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/os.h</span></a>: system APIs</p></li>
    145. 

  145. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#ostream-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/ostream.h</span></a>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::ostream</span></code> support</p></li>
    146. 

  146. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#printf-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/printf.h</span></a>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code> formatting</p></li>
    147. 

  147. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#xchar-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/xchar.h</span></a>: optional <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code> support</p></li>
    148. 

  148. </ul>
    149. 

  149. <p>All functions and types provided by the library reside in namespace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> and
    150. 

  150. macros have prefix <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_</span></code>.</p>
    151. 

  151. <section id="core-api">
    152. 

  152. <span id="id1"></span><h2>Core API<a class="headerlink" href="#core-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    153. 

  153. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/core.h</span></code> defines the core API which provides main formatting functions
    154. 

  154. for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span></code>/UTF-8 with C++20 compile-time checks. It has minimal include
    155. 

  155. dependencies for better compile times. This header is only beneficial when
    156. 

  156. using {fmt} as a library and not in the header-only mode.</p>
    157. 

  157. <p>The following functions use <a class="reference internal" href="syntax.html#syntax"><span class="std std-ref">format string syntax</span></a>
    158. 

  158. similar to that of Python’s <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format">str.format</a>.
    159. 

  159. They take <em>fmt</em> and <em>args</em> as arguments.</p>
    160. 

  160. <p><em>fmt</em> is a format string that contains literal text and replacement fields
    161. 

  161. surrounded by braces <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{}</span></code>. The fields are replaced with formatted arguments
    162. 

  162. in the resulting string. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_string</span></code></a> is a format string which can be
    163. 

  163. implicitly constructed from a string literal or a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constexpr</span></code> string and is
    164. 

  164. checked at compile time in C++20. To pass a runtime format string wrap it in
    165. 

  165. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7runtimeE11string_view" title="fmt::runtime"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::runtime()</span></code></a>.</p>
    166. 

  166. <p><em>args</em> is an argument list representing objects to be formatted.</p>
    167. 

  167. <span class="target" id="format"></span><dl class="cpp function">
    168. 

  168. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt6formatENSt6stringE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    169. 

  169. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt6formatE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt6formatE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a6dd296c9100bdd4939538068b77bdfe1"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt6formatENSt6stringE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt6formatENSt6stringE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt6formatENSt6stringE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; std::string<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt6formatENSt6stringE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    170. 

  170. <dd><p><p><p>Formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> according to specifications in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> and returns the result
    171. 

  171. as a string.</p>
    172. 

  172. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    173. 

  173. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/core.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    174. 

  174. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The answer is {}.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    175. 

  175. </pre></div>
    176. 

  176. </div>
    177. 

  177. </p>
    178. 

  178.  </p>
    179. 

  179. </dd></dl>
    180. 

  180. 

  181. <dl class="cpp function">
    182. 

  182. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt7vformatE11string_view11format_args">
    183. 

  183. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt7vformatE11string_view11format_args"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt7vformatE11string_view11format_args"></span><span id="fmt::vformat__string_view.format_args"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a3688aa4186696a1231623bde7775a953"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7vformatE11string_view11format_args" title="fmt::vformat::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">vformat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="fmt::string_view">string_view</a> <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11format_argsE" title="fmt::format_args">format_args</a> <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; std::string<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7vformatE11string_view11format_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    184. 

  184. <dd></dd></dl>
    185. 

  185. 

  186. <dl class="cpp function">
    187. 

  187. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    188. 

  188. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">OutputIt</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a0ca5ab5f03a0c86633550f1dd5744577"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_to</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to::OutputIt">OutputIt</a> <em>out</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to::OutputIt">OutputIt</a><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    189. 

  189. <dd><p><p><p>Formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> according to specifications in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code>, writes the result to
    190. 

  190. the output iterator <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code> and returns the iterator past the end of the output
    191. 

  191. range. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt9format_toE8OutputIt8OutputIt13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_to()</span></code></a> does not append a terminating null character.</p>
    192. 

  192. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    193. 

  193. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
    194. 

  194. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">back_inserter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    195. 

  195. </pre></div>
    196. 

  196. </div>
    197. 

  197. </p>
    198. 

  198.  </p>
    199. 

  199. </dd></dl>
    200. 

  200. 

  201. <dl class="cpp function">
    202. 

  202. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    203. 

  203. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">OutputIt</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1af2a17cefc40c6d780369144c5de1e2af"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to_n::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_to_n</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to_n::OutputIt">OutputIt</a> <em>out</em>, size_t <em>n</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to_n::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to_n::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt18format_to_n_resultE" title="fmt::format_to_n_result">format_to_n_result</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to_n::OutputIt">OutputIt</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    204. 

  204. <dd><p><p><p>Formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> according to specifications in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code>, writes up to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">n</span></code>
    205. 

  205. characters of the result to the output iterator <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code> and returns the total
    206. 

  206. (not truncated) output size and the iterator past the end of the output range.
    207. 

  207. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt11format_to_nE18format_to_n_resultI8OutputItE8OutputIt6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::format_to_n"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_to_n()</span></code></a> does not append a terminating null character.</p>
    208. 

  208. </p>
    209. 

  209.  </p>
    210. 

  210. </dd></dl>
    211. 

  211. 

  212. <dl class="cpp function">
    213. 

  213. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    214. 

  214. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a009f905ac9329b59e440fd4c2460d44c"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::formatted_size::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">formatted_size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::formatted_size::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::formatted_size::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; size_t<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt14formatted_sizeE6size_t13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    215. 

  215. <dd><p>Returns the number of chars in the output of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format(fmt,</span> <span class="pre">args...)</span></code>. </p>
    216. 

  216. </dd></dl>
    217. 

  217. 

  218. <dl class="cpp struct">
    219. 

  219. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt18format_to_n_resultE">
    220. 

  220. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt18format_to_n_resultE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt18format_to_n_resultE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">OutputIt</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="structfmt_1_1format__to__n__result"></span><em class="property">struct </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_to_n_result</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt18format_to_n_resultE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    221. 

  221. <dd><div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    222. 

  222. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Members</p>
    223. 

  223. <dl class="cpp var">
    224. 

  224. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt18format_to_n_result3outE">
    225. 

  225. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt18format_to_n_result3outE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt18format_to_n_result3outE"></span><span id="fmt::format_to_n_result::out__OutputIt"></span><span class="target" id="structfmt_1_1format__to__n__result_1a71d11006ad16fba226096f94c21b037e"></span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt18format_to_n_resultE" title="fmt::format_to_n_result::OutputIt">OutputIt</a> <code class="sig-name descname">out</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt18format_to_n_result3outE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    226. 

  226. <dd><p>Iterator past the end of the output range. </p>
    227. 

  227. </dd></dl>
    228. 

  228. 

  229. <dl class="cpp var">
    230. 

  230. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt18format_to_n_result4sizeE">
    231. 

  231. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt18format_to_n_result4sizeE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt18format_to_n_result4sizeE"></span><span id="fmt::format_to_n_result::size__s"></span><span class="target" id="structfmt_1_1format__to__n__result_1a2dd58f1d85be6662df6fdfd943aecc88"></span>size_t <code class="sig-name descname">size</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt18format_to_n_result4sizeE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    232. 

  232. <dd><p>Total (not truncated) output size. </p>
    233. 

  233. </dd></dl>
    234. 

  234. 

  235. </div>
    236. 

  236. </dd></dl>
    237. 

  237. 

  238. <span class="target" id="print"></span><dl class="cpp function">
    239. 

  239. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    240. 

  240. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt5printE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt5printE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1ac0252a192c582b07d6398e7df4f84ec7"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">print</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    241. 

  241. <dd><p><p><p>Formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> according to specifications in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> and writes the output
    242. 

  242. to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdout</span></code>.</p>
    243. 

  243. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    244. 

  244. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.23</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    245. 

  245. </pre></div>
    246. 

  246. </div>
    247. 

  247. </p>
    248. 

  248.  </p>
    249. 

  249. </dd></dl>
    250. 

  250. 

  251. <dl class="cpp function">
    252. 

  252. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt6vprintE11string_view11format_args">
    253. 

  253. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt6vprintE11string_view11format_args"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt6vprintE11string_view11format_args"></span><span id="fmt::vprint__string_view.format_args"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a09c43e4ca3fd68c12d08b3de59229400"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6vprintE11string_view11format_args" title="fmt::vprint::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">vprint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="fmt::string_view">string_view</a> <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11format_argsE" title="fmt::format_args">format_args</a> <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6vprintE11string_view11format_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    254. 

  254. <dd></dd></dl>
    255. 

  255. 

  256. <dl class="cpp function">
    257. 

  257. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    258. 

  258. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt5printEPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt5printEPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a92c3da68a9590d3233b95ffa1f91fa7b"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">print</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>std::FILE *<em>f</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvPNSt4FILEE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    259. 

  259. <dd><p><p><p>Formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> according to specifications in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> and writes the
    260. 

  260. output to the file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span></code>.</p>
    261. 

  261. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    262. 

  262. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Don&#39;t {}!&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;panic&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    263. 

  263. </pre></div>
    264. 

  264. </div>
    265. 

  265. </p>
    266. 

  266.  </p>
    267. 

  267. </dd></dl>
    268. 

  268. 

  269. <dl class="cpp function">
    270. 

  270. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt6vprintEPNSt4FILEE11string_view11format_args">
    271. 

  271. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt6vprintEPNSt4FILEE11string_view11format_args"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt6vprintEPNSt4FILEE11string_view11format_args"></span><span id="fmt::vprint__std::FILEP.string_view.format_args"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a59d85226f0b53348b3c8b9a1c88a6daa"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6vprintEPNSt4FILEE11string_view11format_args" title="fmt::vprint::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">vprint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>std::FILE *<em>f</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="fmt::string_view">string_view</a> <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11format_argsE" title="fmt::format_args">format_args</a> <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6vprintEPNSt4FILEE11string_view11format_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    272. 

  272. <dd></dd></dl>
    273. 

  273. 

  274. <section id="compile-time-format-string-checks">
    275. 

  275. <h3>Compile-Time Format String Checks<a class="headerlink" href="#compile-time-format-string-checks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    276. 

  276. <p>Compile-time checks are enabled by default on compilers that support C++20
    277. 

  277. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">consteval</span></code>. On older compilers you can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_STRING</span></code> macro defined
    278. 

  278. in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/format.h</span></code> instead. It requires C++14 and is a no-op in C++11.</p>
    279. 

  279. <dl class="cpp macro">
    280. 

  280. <dt id="c.FMT_STRING">
    281. 

  281. <span class="target" id="format_8h_1a09119ad072f708d17b88704fa898aff0"></span><code class="sig-name descname">FMT_STRING</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>s</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.FMT_STRING" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    282. 

  282. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a compile-time format string from a string literal <em>s</em>.</p>
    283. 

  283. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    284. 

  284. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// A compile-time error because &#39;d&#39; is an invalid specifier for strings.</span>
    285. 

  285. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FMT_STRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{:d}&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    286. 

  286. </pre></div>
    287. 

  287. </div>
    288. 

  288. </p>
    289. 

  289.  </p>
    290. 

  290. </dd></dl>
    291. 

  291. 

  292. <p>To force the use of legacy compile-time checks, define the preprocessor variable
    293. 

  293. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING</span></code>. When set, functions accepting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_STRING</span></code>
    294. 

  294. will fail to compile with regular strings. Runtime-checked formatting is still
    295. 

  295. possible using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::vformat</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::vprint</span></code>, etc.</p>
    296. 

  296. <dl class="cpp class">
    297. 

  297. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt19basic_format_stringE">
    298. 

  298. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt19basic_format_stringE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt19basic_format_stringE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">Args</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__string"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_string</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt19basic_format_stringE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    299. 

  299. <dd><p>A compile-time format string. </p>
    300. 

  300. </dd></dl>
    301. 

  301. 

  302. <dl class="cpp type">
    303. 

  303. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE">
    304. 

  304. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">Args</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1af16a31148381bcd0452aad48560112aa"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_string</code> = <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt19basic_format_stringE" title="fmt::basic_format_string">basic_format_string</a>&lt;char, type_identity_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string::Args">Args</a>&gt;...&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    305. 

  305. <dd></dd></dl>
    306. 

  306. 

  307. <dl class="cpp function">
    308. 

  308. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt7runtimeE11string_view">
    309. 

  309. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt7runtimeE11string_view"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt7runtimeE11string_view"></span><span id="fmt::runtime__string_view"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1aba0a335bf5875cf233d5a3b36b182610"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">runtime</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="fmt::string_view">string_view</a> <em>s</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; basic_runtime&lt;char&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7runtimeE11string_view" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    310. 

  310. <dd><p><p><p>Creates a runtime format string.</p>
    311. 

  311. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    312. 

  312. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Check format string at runtime instead of compile-time.</span>
    313. 

  313. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">runtime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{:d}&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;I am not a number&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    314. 

  314. </pre></div>
    315. 

  315. </div>
    316. 

  316. </p>
    317. 

  317.  </p>
    318. 

  318. </dd></dl>
    319. 

  319. 

  320. </section>
    321. 

  321. <section id="named-arguments">
    322. 

  322. <h3>Named Arguments<a class="headerlink" href="#named-arguments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    323. 

  323. <dl class="cpp function">
    324. 

  324. <dt id="_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T">
    325. 

  325. <span id="_CPPv3I00EN3fmt3argEPK4CharRK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I00EN3fmt3argEPK4CharRK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a0186a488c80ab72f718b8d001960b1e9"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">arg</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="fmt::arg::Char">Char</a> *<em>name</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="fmt::arg::T">T</a> &amp;<em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; detail::named_arg&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="fmt::arg::Char">Char</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="fmt::arg::T">T</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    326. 

  326. <dd><p><p><p>Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function.
    327. 

  327. It should only be used in a call to a formatting function or
    328. 

  328. <code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dynamic_format_arg_store::push_back</span></code>.</p>
    329. 

  329. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    330. 

  330. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.23</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    331. 

  331. </pre></div>
    332. 

  332. </div>
    333. 

  333. </p>
    334. 

  334.  </p>
    335. 

  335. </dd></dl>
    336. 

  336. 

  337. <p>Named arguments are not supported in compile-time checks at the moment.</p>
    338. 

  338. </section>
    339. 

  339. <section id="argument-lists">
    340. 

  340. <h3>Argument Lists<a class="headerlink" href="#argument-lists" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    341. 

  341. <p>You can create your own formatting function with compile-time checks and small
    342. 

  342. binary footprint, for example (<a class="reference external" href="https://godbolt.org/z/oba4Mc">https://godbolt.org/z/oba4Mc</a>):</p>
    343. 

  343. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/format.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    344. 

  344. 

  345. <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">vlog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
    346. 

  346. <span class="w">          </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    347. 

  347. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}: {}: &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    348. 

  348. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vprint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    349. 

  349. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    350. 

  350. 

  351. <span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">S</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
    352. 

  352. <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    353. 

  353. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">vlog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">make_format_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...));</span><span class="w"></span>
    354. 

  354. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    355. 

  355. 

  356. <span class="cp">#define MY_LOG(format, ...) \</span>
    357. 

  357. <span class="cp">  log(__FILE__, __LINE__, FMT_STRING(format), __VA_ARGS__)</span>
    358. 

  358. 

  359. <span class="n">MY_LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;invalid squishiness: {}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    360. 

  360. </pre></div>
    361. 

  361. </div>
    362. 

  362. <p>Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vlog</span></code> is not parameterized on argument types which improves compile
    363. 

  363. times and reduces binary code size compared to a fully parameterized version.</p>
    364. 

  364. <dl class="cpp function">
    365. 

  365. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsE16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp14remove_cvref_tI4ArgsEEDpRR4Args">
    366. 

  366. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsEDpRR4Args"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsEDpRR4Args"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Context</code> = <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt14format_contextE" title="fmt::format_context">format_context</a>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">Args</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a2275a9ce83c8b30013dbceb22af36a04"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">make_format_args</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsE16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp14remove_cvref_tI4ArgsEEDpRR4Args" title="fmt::make_format_args::Args">Args</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE" title="fmt::format_arg_store">format_arg_store</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsE16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp14remove_cvref_tI4ArgsEEDpRR4Args" title="fmt::make_format_args::Context">Context</a>, remove_cvref_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsE16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp14remove_cvref_tI4ArgsEEDpRR4Args" title="fmt::make_format_args::Args">Args</a>&gt;...&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsE16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp14remove_cvref_tI4ArgsEEDpRR4Args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    367. 

  367. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE" title="fmt::format_arg_store"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_arg_store</span></code></a> object that contains references to
    368. 

  368. arguments and can be implicitly converted to <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11format_argsE" title="fmt::format_args"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_args</span></code></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16make_format_argsE16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp14remove_cvref_tI4ArgsEEDpRR4Args" title="fmt::make_format_args::Context"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Context</span></code></a>
    369. 

  369. can be omitted in which case it defaults to <code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">context</span></code>.
    370. 

  370. See <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="fmt::arg"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arg()</span></code></a> for lifetime considerations.</p>
    371. 

  371. </p>
    372. 

  372.  </p>
    373. 

  373. </dd></dl>
    374. 

  374. 

  375. <dl class="cpp class">
    376. 

  376. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE">
    377. 

  377. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Context</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">Args</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1format__arg__store"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-name descname">format_arg_store</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    378. 

  378. <dd><p><p><p>An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted into
    379. 

  379. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_format_args</span></code></a> for passing into type-erased formatting functions
    380. 

  380. such as <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7vformatE11string_view11format_args" title="fmt::vformat"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vformat()</span></code></a>.</p>
    381. 

  381. </p>
    382. 

  382.  </p>
    383. 

  383. </dd></dl>
    384. 

  384. 

  385. <dl class="cpp class">
    386. 

  386. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt24dynamic_format_arg_storeE">
    387. 

  387. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt24dynamic_format_arg_storeE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt24dynamic_format_arg_storeE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Context</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1dynamic__format__arg__store"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-name descname">dynamic_format_arg_store</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt24dynamic_format_arg_storeE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    388. 

  388. <dd></dd></dl>
    389. 

  389. 

  390. <dl class="cpp class">
    391. 

  391. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE">
    392. 

  392. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Context</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__args"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_args</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    393. 

  393. <dd><p><p><p>A view of a collection of formatting arguments. To avoid lifetime issues it
    394. 

  394. should only be used as a parameter type in type-erased functions such as
    395. 

  395. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vformat</span></code>:</p>
    396. 

  396. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">vlog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// OK</span>
    397. 

  397. <span class="n">format_args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">make_format_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Error: dangling reference</span>
    398. 

  398. </pre></div>
    399. 

  399. </div>
    400. 

  400. </p>
    401. 

  401.  </p>
    402. 

  402. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    403. 

  403. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    404. 

  404. <dl class="cpp function">
    405. 

  405. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp4ArgsE">
    406. 

  406. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp4ArgsE"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp4ArgsE"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">Args</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__args_1aa29b9df6b51427157eb9c4881a12cc19"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> <code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_args</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE" title="fmt::format_arg_store">format_arg_store</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args::Context">Context</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp4ArgsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args::basic_format_args::Args">Args</a>...&gt; &amp;<em>store</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp4ArgsE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    407. 

  407. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK16format_arg_storeI7ContextDp4ArgsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args::basic_format_args"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_format_args()</span></code></a> object from <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt16format_arg_storeE" title="fmt::format_arg_store"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_arg_store</span></code></a>.</p>
    408. 

  408. </p>
    409. 

  409.  </p>
    410. 

  410. </dd></dl>
    411. 

  411. 

  412. <dl class="cpp function">
    413. 

  413. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK24dynamic_format_arg_storeI7ContextE">
    414. 

  414. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK24dynamic_format_arg_storeI7ContextE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK24dynamic_format_arg_storeI7ContextE"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_args::basic_format_args__dynamic_format_arg_store:Context:CRCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__args_1a9708feb267c220363a56f82348cd3809"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> <code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_args</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt24dynamic_format_arg_storeE" title="fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store">dynamic_format_arg_store</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args::Context">Context</a>&gt; &amp;<em>store</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK24dynamic_format_arg_storeI7ContextE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    415. 

  415. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsERK24dynamic_format_arg_storeI7ContextE" title="fmt::basic_format_args::basic_format_args"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_format_args()</span></code></a> object from
    416. 

  416. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt24dynamic_format_arg_storeE" title="fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dynamic_format_arg_store</span></code></a>.</p>
    417. 

  417. </p>
    418. 

  418.  </p>
    419. 

  419. </dd></dl>
    420. 

  420. 

  421. <dl class="cpp function">
    422. 

  422. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsEPK10format_argi">
    423. 

  423. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsEPK10format_argi"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsEPK10format_argi"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_args::basic_format_args__format_argCP.iCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__args_1abd2d437108168771b2cbbf947c84d9c1"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> <code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_args</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> format_arg *<em>args</em>, int <em>count</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsEPK10format_argi" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    424. 

  424. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_format_args17basic_format_argsEPK10format_argi" title="fmt::basic_format_args::basic_format_args"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_format_args()</span></code></a> object from a dynamic set of arguments.</p>
    425. 

  425. </p>
    426. 

  426.  </p>
    427. 

  427. </dd></dl>
    428. 

  428. 

  429. <dl class="cpp function">
    430. 

  430. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt17basic_format_args3getEi">
    431. 

  431. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt17basic_format_args3getEi"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt17basic_format_args3getEi"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_args::get__iC"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__args_1a4714316d66a0c30e5bd3faf9c695b4f0"></span>auto <code class="sig-name descname">get</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int <em>id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> -&gt; format_arg<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt17basic_format_args3getEi" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    432. 

  432. <dd><p>Returns the argument with the specified id. </p>
    433. 

  433. </dd></dl>
    434. 

  434. 

  435. </div>
    436. 

  436. </dd></dl>
    437. 

  437. 

  438. <dl class="cpp type">
    439. 

  439. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt11format_argsE">
    440. 

  440. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt11format_argsE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt11format_argsE"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a0144acf16386c7096f7254a6c5ff543d"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_args</code> = <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args">basic_format_args</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt14format_contextE" title="fmt::format_context">format_context</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11format_argsE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    441. 

  441. <dd><p>An alias to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_format_args&lt;format_context&gt;</span></code>. </p>
    442. 

  442. </dd></dl>
    443. 

  443. 

  444. <dl class="cpp class">
    445. 

  445. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt16basic_format_argE">
    446. 

  446. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt16basic_format_argE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt16basic_format_argE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Context</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__arg"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_arg</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt16basic_format_argE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    447. 

  447. <dd></dd></dl>
    448. 

  448. 

  449. <dl class="cpp class">
    450. 

  450. <dt id="_CPPv4I00EN3fmt26basic_format_parse_contextE">
    451. 

  451. <span id="_CPPv3I00EN3fmt26basic_format_parse_contextE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I00EN3fmt26basic_format_parse_contextE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">ErrorHandler</code> = detail::error_handler&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__parse__context"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_parse_context</code> : <em class="property">private</em> fmt::detail::error_handler<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt26basic_format_parse_contextE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    452. 

  452. <dd><p><p><p>Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an
    453. 

  453. argument counter for automatic indexing.
    454. 

  454. You can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_parse_context</span></code> type alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span></code> instead.</p>
    455. 

  455. </p>
    456. 

  456.  </p>
    457. 

  457. <p>Subclassed by fmt::detail::compile_parse_context&lt; Char, ErrorHandler &gt;, fmt::basic_printf_parse_context&lt; Char &gt;</p>
    458. 

  458. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    459. 

  459. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    460. 

  460. <dl class="cpp function">
    461. 

  461. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context5beginEv">
    462. 

  462. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context5beginEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context5beginEv"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_parse_context::beginCCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__parse__context_1addd1866ffb39210fb90d576f99cc263d"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-name descname">begin</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; iterator<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context5beginEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    463. 

  463. <dd><p>Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being parsed. </p>
    464. 

  464. </dd></dl>
    465. 

  465. 

  466. <dl class="cpp function">
    467. 

  467. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context3endEv">
    468. 

  468. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context3endEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context3endEv"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_parse_context::endCCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__parse__context_1a9e47a32a9e32c573e99c2090ebd611f0"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-name descname">end</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; iterator<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt26basic_format_parse_context3endEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    469. 

  469. <dd><p>Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed. </p>
    470. 

  470. </dd></dl>
    471. 

  471. 

  472. <dl class="cpp function">
    473. 

  473. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context10advance_toE8iterator">
    474. 

  474. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context10advance_toE8iterator"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context10advance_toE8iterator"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_parse_context::advance_to__iterator"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__parse__context_1aa8eaccff3a2ed5cdad3fe26601b02741"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">advance_to</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>iterator <em>it</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context10advance_toE8iterator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    475. 

  475. <dd><p>Advances the begin iterator to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">it</span></code>. </p>
    476. 

  476. </dd></dl>
    477. 

  477. 

  478. <dl class="cpp function">
    479. 

  479. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context11next_arg_idEv">
    480. 

  480. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context11next_arg_idEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context11next_arg_idEv"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_parse_context::next_arg_id"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__parse__context_1a3d69b8e9c5e2b64a5b965c4d060cd6ae"></span>auto <code class="sig-name descname">next_arg_id</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; int<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context11next_arg_idEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    481. 

  481. <dd><p>Reports an error if using the manual argument indexing; otherwise returns the next argument index and switches to the automatic indexing. </p>
    482. 

  482. </dd></dl>
    483. 

  483. 

  484. <dl class="cpp function">
    485. 

  485. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context12check_arg_idEi">
    486. 

  486. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context12check_arg_idEi"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context12check_arg_idEi"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_parse_context::check_arg_id__i"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__parse__context_1aeb1244edea8216733ad1ee861470d70a"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">check_arg_id</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int <em>id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt26basic_format_parse_context12check_arg_idEi" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    487. 

  487. <dd><p>Reports an error if using the automatic argument indexing; otherwise switches to the manual indexing. </p>
    488. 

  488. </dd></dl>
    489. 

  489. 

  490. </div>
    491. 

  491. </dd></dl>
    492. 

  492. 

  493. <dl class="cpp class">
    494. 

  494. <dt id="_CPPv4I00EN3fmt20basic_format_contextE">
    495. 

  495. <span id="_CPPv3I00EN3fmt20basic_format_contextE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I00EN3fmt20basic_format_contextE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">OutputIt</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__context"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_context</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt20basic_format_contextE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    496. 

  496. <dd><div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    497. 

  497. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Types</p>
    498. 

  498. <dl class="cpp type">
    499. 

  499. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt20basic_format_context9char_typeE">
    500. 

  500. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt20basic_format_context9char_typeE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt20basic_format_context9char_typeE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__context_1a2d6b20e51d17975188e4463cd3b681ae"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-name descname">char_type</code> = <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt20basic_format_contextE" title="fmt::basic_format_context::Char">Char</a><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt20basic_format_context9char_typeE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    501. 

  501. <dd><p>The character type for the output. </p>
    502. 

  502. </dd></dl>
    503. 

  503. 

  504. </div>
    505. 

  505. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    506. 

  506. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    507. 

  507. <dl class="cpp function">
    508. 

  508. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt20basic_format_context20basic_format_contextE8OutputIt17basic_format_argsI20basic_format_contextEN6detail10locale_refE">
    509. 

  509. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt20basic_format_context20basic_format_contextE8OutputIt17basic_format_argsI20basic_format_contextEN6detail10locale_refE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt20basic_format_context20basic_format_contextE8OutputIt17basic_format_argsI20basic_format_contextEN6detail10locale_refE"></span><span id="fmt::basic_format_context::basic_format_context__OutputIt.basic_format_args:basic_format_context:.detail::locale_refCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__format__context_1ac498674b757a934b3b6871829e831271"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> <code class="sig-name descname">basic_format_context</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt20basic_format_contextE" title="fmt::basic_format_context::OutputIt">OutputIt</a> <em>out</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_format_argsE" title="fmt::basic_format_args">basic_format_args</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt20basic_format_context20basic_format_contextE8OutputIt17basic_format_argsI20basic_format_contextEN6detail10locale_refE" title="fmt::basic_format_context::basic_format_context">basic_format_context</a>&gt; <em>ctx_args</em>, detail::locale_ref <em>loc</em> = detail::locale_ref()<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt20basic_format_context20basic_format_contextE8OutputIt17basic_format_argsI20basic_format_contextEN6detail10locale_refE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    510. 

  510. <dd><p>Constructs a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_format_context</span></code> object. </p>
    511. 

  511. <p>References to the arguments are stored in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes. </p>
    512. 

  512. </dd></dl>
    513. 

  513. 

  514. </div>
    515. 

  515. </dd></dl>
    516. 

  516. 

  517. <dl class="cpp type">
    518. 

  518. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt14format_contextE">
    519. 

  519. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt14format_contextE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt14format_contextE"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a505aee3190baa15ea328dc731bfa476a"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_context</code> = buffer_context&lt;char&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt14format_contextE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    520. 

  520. <dd></dd></dl>
    521. 

  521. 

  522. </section>
    523. 

  523. <section id="compatibility">
    524. 

  524. <h3>Compatibility<a class="headerlink" href="#compatibility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    525. 

  525. <dl class="cpp class">
    526. 

  526. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE">
    527. 

  527. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__string__view"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">basic_string_view</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    528. 

  528. <dd><p>An implementation of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::basic_string_view</span></code> for pre-C++17. </p>
    529. 

  529. <p>It provides a subset of the API. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::basic_string_view</span></code> is used for format strings even if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::string_view</span></code> is available to prevent issues when a library is compiled with a different <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-std</span></code> option than the client code (which is not recommended). </p>
    530. 

  530. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    531. 

  531. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    532. 

  532. <dl class="cpp function">
    533. 

  533. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char6size_t">
    534. 

  534. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char6size_t"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char6size_t"></span><span id="fmt::basic_string_view::basic_string_view__CharCP.sCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__string__view_1a77724577d4a659ea5a1080abe63d847d"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> <code class="sig-name descname">basic_string_view</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="fmt::basic_string_view::Char">Char</a> *<em>s</em>, size_t <em>count</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char6size_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    535. 

  535. <dd><p>Constructs a string reference object from a C string and a size. </p>
    536. 

  536. </dd></dl>
    537. 

  537. 

  538. <dl class="cpp function">
    539. 

  539. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char">
    540. 

  540. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char"></span><span id="fmt::basic_string_view::basic_string_view__CharCP"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__string__view_1a027c1e3a6352aa4ad89a1414bbf1c349"></span><code class="sig-name descname">basic_string_view</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="fmt::basic_string_view::Char">Char</a> *<em>s</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewEPK4Char" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    541. 

  541. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a string reference object from a C string computing
    542. 

  542. the size with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::char_traits&lt;Char&gt;::length</span></code>.</p>
    543. 

  543. </p>
    544. 

  544.  </p>
    545. 

  545. </dd></dl>
    546. 

  546. 

  547. <dl class="cpp function">
    548. 

  548. <dt id="_CPPv4I00EN3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewERKNSt12basic_stringI4Char6Traits5AllocEE">
    549. 

  549. <span id="_CPPv3I00EN3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewERKNSt12basic_stringI4Char6Traits5AllocEE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I00EN3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewERKNSt12basic_stringI4Char6Traits5AllocEE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Traits</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">Alloc</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__string__view_1af12a79eae6c2cecea40e52cb193c7608"></span><code class="sig-name descname">basic_string_view</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> std::basic_string&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="fmt::basic_string_view::Char">Char</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewERKNSt12basic_stringI4Char6Traits5AllocEE" title="fmt::basic_string_view::basic_string_view::Traits">Traits</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewERKNSt12basic_stringI4Char6Traits5AllocEE" title="fmt::basic_string_view::basic_string_view::Alloc">Alloc</a>&gt; &amp;<em>s</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt17basic_string_view17basic_string_viewERKNSt12basic_stringI4Char6Traits5AllocEE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    550. 

  550. <dd><p>Constructs a string reference from a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::basic_string</span></code> object. </p>
    551. 

  551. </dd></dl>
    552. 

  552. 

  553. <dl class="cpp function">
    554. 

  554. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt17basic_string_view4dataEv">
    555. 

  555. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt17basic_string_view4dataEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt17basic_string_view4dataEv"></span><span id="fmt::basic_string_view::dataCCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__string__view_1a358b32b01d47dfdf17b0f6ff3f8bbe4f"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-name descname">data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="fmt::basic_string_view::Char">Char</a>*<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt17basic_string_view4dataEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    556. 

  556. <dd><p>Returns a pointer to the string data. </p>
    557. 

  557. </dd></dl>
    558. 

  558. 

  559. <dl class="cpp function">
    560. 

  560. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt17basic_string_view4sizeEv">
    561. 

  561. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt17basic_string_view4sizeEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt17basic_string_view4sizeEv"></span><span id="fmt::basic_string_view::sizeCCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__string__view_1a52d7307059832543f7288803ca78dcbc"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-name descname">size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; size_t<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt17basic_string_view4sizeEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    562. 

  562. <dd><p>Returns the string size. </p>
    563. 

  563. </dd></dl>
    564. 

  564. 

  565. </div>
    566. 

  566. </dd></dl>
    567. 

  567. 

  568. <dl class="cpp type">
    569. 

  569. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE">
    570. 

  570. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt11string_viewE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt11string_viewE"></span><span class="target" id="core_8h_1a487c62e95b61a2543fc362ee4378dcaa"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">string_view</code> = <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="fmt::basic_string_view">basic_string_view</a>&lt;char&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    571. 

  571. <dd></dd></dl>
    572. 

  572. 

  573. </section>
    574. 

  574. <section id="locale">
    575. 

  575. <h3>Locale<a class="headerlink" href="#locale" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    576. 

  576. <p>All formatting is locale-independent by default. Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'L'</span></code> format
    577. 

  577. specifier to insert the appropriate number separator characters from the
    578. 

  578. locale:</p>
    579. 

  579. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/core.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    580. 

  580. <span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;locale&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    581. 

  581. 

  582. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">locale</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">global</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">locale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;en_US.UTF-8&quot;</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    583. 

  583. <span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{:L}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// s == &quot;1,000,000&quot;</span>
    584. 

  584. </pre></div>
    585. 

  585. </div>
    586. 

  586. </section>
    587. 

  587. </section>
    588. 

  588. <section id="format-api">
    589. 

  589. <span id="id2"></span><h2>Format API<a class="headerlink" href="#format-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    590. 

  590. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/format.h</span></code> defines the full format API providing additional formatting
    591. 

  591. functions and locale support.</p>
    592. 

  592. <section id="formatting-user-defined-types">
    593. 

  593. <span id="udt"></span><h3>Formatting User-Defined Types<a class="headerlink" href="#formatting-user-defined-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    594. 

  594. <p>The {fmt} library provides formatters for many standard C++ types.
    595. 

  595. See <a class="reference internal" href="#ranges-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/ranges.h</span></a> for ranges and tuples including standard
    596. 

  596. containers such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::vector</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="#chrono-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/chrono.h</span></a> for date
    597. 

  597. and time formatting and <a class="reference internal" href="#std-api"><span class="std std-ref">fmt/std.h</span></a> for path and variant
    598. 

  598. formatting.</p>
    599. 

  599. <p>To make a user-defined type formattable, specialize the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">formatter&lt;T&gt;</span></code> struct
    600. 

  600. template and implement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span></code> methods:</p>
    601. 

  601. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/format.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    602. 

  602. 

  603. <span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    604. 

  604. <span class="w">  </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    605. 

  605. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    606. 

  606. 

  607. <span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    608. 

  608. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Presentation format: &#39;f&#39; - fixed, &#39;e&#39; - exponential.</span>
    609. 

  609. <span class="w">  </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">presentation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;f&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    610. 

  610. 

  611. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Parses format specifications of the form [&#39;f&#39; | &#39;e&#39;].</span>
    612. 

  612. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">format_parse_context</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    613. 

  613. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// [ctx.begin(), ctx.end()) is a character range that contains a part of</span>
    614. 

  614. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// the format string starting from the format specifications to be parsed,</span>
    615. 

  615. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// e.g. in</span>
    616. 

  616. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//</span>
    617. 

  617. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//   fmt::format(&quot;{:f} - point of interest&quot;, point{1, 2});</span>
    618. 

  618. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//</span>
    619. 

  619. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// the range will contain &quot;f} - point of interest&quot;. The formatter should</span>
    620. 

  620. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// parse specifiers until &#39;}&#39; or the end of the range. In this example</span>
    621. 

  621. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// the formatter should parse the &#39;f&#39; specifier and return an iterator</span>
    622. 

  622. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// pointing to &#39;}&#39;.</span>
    623. 

  623. 

  624. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Please also note that this character range may be empty, in case of</span>
    625. 

  625. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// the &quot;{}&quot; format string, so therefore you should check ctx.begin()</span>
    626. 

  626. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// for equality with ctx.end().</span>
    627. 

  627. 

  628. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Parse the presentation format and store it in the formatter:</span>
    629. 

  629. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
    630. 

  630. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;f&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;e&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">presentation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    631. 

  631. 

  632. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Check if reached the end of the range:</span>
    633. 

  633. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;}&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;invalid format&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    634. 

  634. 

  635. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Return an iterator past the end of the parsed range:</span>
    636. 

  636. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    637. 

  637. <span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    638. 

  638. 

  639. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Formats the point p using the parsed format specification (presentation)</span>
    640. 

  640. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// stored in this formatter.</span>
    641. 

  641. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">FormatContext</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
    642. 

  642. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FormatContext</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">decltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    643. 

  643. <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// ctx.out() is an output iterator to write to.</span>
    644. 

  644. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">presentation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;f&#39;</span><span class="w"></span>
    645. 

  645. <span class="w">              </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;({:.1f}, {:.1f})&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
    646. 

  646. <span class="w">              </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;({:.1e}, {:.1e})&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    647. 

  647. <span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    648. 

  648. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    649. 

  649. </pre></div>
    650. 

  650. </div>
    651. 

  651. <p>Then you can pass objects of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">point</span></code> to any formatting function:</p>
    652. 

  652. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    653. 

  653. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{:f}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    654. 

  654. <span class="c1">// s == &quot;(1.0, 2.0)&quot;</span>
    655. 

  655. </pre></div>
    656. 

  656. </div>
    657. 

  657. <p>You can also reuse existing formatters via inheritance or composition, for
    658. 

  658. example:</p>
    659. 

  659. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">green</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blue</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    660. 

  660. 

  661. <span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">&gt;:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    662. 

  662. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// parse is inherited from formatter&lt;string_view&gt;.</span>
    663. 

  663. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">FormatContext</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
    664. 

  664. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FormatContext</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    665. 

  665. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    666. 

  666. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">switch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    667. 

  667. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">red</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    668. 

  668. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">green</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;green&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    669. 

  669. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">blue</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;blue&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    670. 

  670. <span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    671. 

  671. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="o">&gt;::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    672. 

  672. <span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    673. 

  673. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    674. 

  674. </pre></div>
    675. 

  675. </div>
    676. 

  676. <p>Since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse</span></code> is inherited from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">formatter&lt;string_view&gt;</span></code> it will recognize
    677. 

  677. all string format specifications, for example</p>
    678. 

  678. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{:&gt;10}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">blue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
    679. 

  679. </pre></div>
    680. 

  680. </div>
    681. 

  681. <p>will return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;</span>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <span class="pre">blue&quot;</span></code>.</p>
    682. 

  682. <p>You can also write a formatter for a hierarchy of classes:</p>
    683. 

  683. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;type_traits&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    684. 

  684. <span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/format.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    685. 

  685. 

  686. <span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    687. 

  687. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">virtual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
    688. 

  688. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">virtual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;A&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    689. 

  689. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    690. 

  690. 

  691. <span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">B</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    692. 

  692. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">virtual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">name</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    693. 

  693. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    694. 

  694. 

  695. <span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
    696. 

  696. <span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">enable_if_t</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">is_base_of</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;::</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"></span>
    697. 

  697. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    698. 

  698. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">FormatCtx</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
    699. 

  699. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FormatCtx</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    700. 

  700. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">&gt;::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    701. 

  701. <span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    702. 

  702. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    703. 

  703. 

  704. <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    705. 

  705. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    706. 

  706. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    707. 

  707. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// prints &quot;B&quot;</span>
    708. 

  708. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    709. 

  709. </pre></div>
    710. 

  710. </div>
    711. 

  711. <p>If a type provides both a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">formatter</span></code> specialization and an implicit
    712. 

  712. conversion to a formattable type, the specialization takes precedence over the
    713. 

  713. conversion.</p>
    714. 

  714. <p>For enums {fmt} also provides the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_as</span></code> extension API. To format an enum
    715. 

  715. via this API define <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_as</span></code> that takes this enum and converts it to the
    716. 

  716. underlying type. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_as</span></code> should be defined in the same namespace as the
    717. 

  717. enum.</p>
    718. 

  718. <p>Example (<a class="reference external" href="https://godbolt.org/z/r7vvGE1v7">https://godbolt.org/z/r7vvGE1v7</a>):</p>
    719. 

  719. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/format.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    720. 

  720. 

  721. <span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">kevin_namespacy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    722. 

  722. <span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">film</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    723. 

  723. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">house_of_cards</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">american_beauty</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">se7en</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
    724. 

  724. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    725. 

  725. <span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_as</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">film</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">underlying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    726. 

  726. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    727. 

  727. 

  728. <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    729. 

  729. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kevin_namespacy</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">film</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">se7en</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// prints &quot;7&quot;</span>
    730. 

  730. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    731. 

  731. </pre></div>
    732. 

  732. </div>
    733. 

  733. </section>
    734. 

  734. <section id="literal-based-api">
    735. 

  735. <h3>Literal-Based API<a class="headerlink" href="#literal-based-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    736. 

  736. <p>The following user-defined literals are defined in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/format.h</span></code>.</p>
    737. 

  737. <dl class="cpp function">
    738. 

  738. <dt id="_CPPv4I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli2_aEDav">
    739. 

  739. <span id="_CPPv3I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli2_aEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli2_aEv"></span>template&lt;detail_exported::fixed_string <code class="sig-name descname">Str</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a61cae931a86f3a5891edf0ff838fee3a"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">operator&quot;&quot;_a</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli2_aEDav" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    740. 

  740. <dd><p><p><p>User-defined literal equivalent of <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt3argEN6detail9named_argI4Char1TEEPK4CharRK1T" title="fmt::arg"><code class="xref cpp cpp-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::arg()</span></code></a>.</p>
    741. 

  741. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    742. 

  742. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="nn">literals</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    743. 

  743. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="n">_a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.23</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    744. 

  744. </pre></div>
    745. 

  745. </div>
    746. 

  746. </p>
    747. 

  747.  </p>
    748. 

  748. </dd></dl>
    749. 

  749. 

  750. </section>
    751. 

  751. <section id="utilities">
    752. 

  752. <h3>Utilities<a class="headerlink" href="#utilities" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    753. 

  753. <dl class="cpp function">
    754. 

  754. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKv1T">
    755. 

  755. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt3ptrE1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt3ptrE1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1ac62203b4bde2a7a7e3a3ef05c33f8675"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">ptr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKv1T" title="fmt::ptr::T">T</a> <em>p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; <em class="property">const</em> void*<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKv1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    756. 

  756. <dd><p><p><p>Converts <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">void*</span></code> for pointer formatting.</p>
    757. 

  757. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    758. 

  758. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    759. 

  759. </pre></div>
    760. 

  760. </div>
    761. 

  761. </p>
    762. 

  762.  </p>
    763. 

  763. </dd></dl>
    764. 

  764. 

  765. <dl class="cpp function">
    766. 

  766. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKvRKNSt10unique_ptrI1TEE">
    767. 

  767. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt3ptrERKNSt10unique_ptrI1TEE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt3ptrERKNSt10unique_ptrI1TEE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a979e8d2bff18ee7e226368801d5b2d61"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">ptr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> std::unique_ptr&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKvRKNSt10unique_ptrI1TEE" title="fmt::ptr::T">T</a>&gt; &amp;<em>p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; <em class="property">const</em> void*<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKvRKNSt10unique_ptrI1TEE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    768. 

  768. <dd></dd></dl>
    769. 

  769. 

  770. <dl class="cpp function">
    771. 

  771. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKvRKNSt10shared_ptrI1TEE">
    772. 

  772. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt3ptrERKNSt10shared_ptrI1TEE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt3ptrERKNSt10shared_ptrI1TEE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1ac0a9165f6676ea8fce0c34e7297e53a9"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">ptr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> std::shared_ptr&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKvRKNSt10shared_ptrI1TEE" title="fmt::ptr::T">T</a>&gt; &amp;<em>p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; <em class="property">const</em> void*<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt3ptrEPKvRKNSt10shared_ptrI1TEE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    773. 

  773. <dd></dd></dl>
    774. 

  774. 

  775. <dl class="cpp function">
    776. 

  776. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10underlyingE12underlying_tI4EnumE4Enum">
    777. 

  777. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt10underlyingE4Enum"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt10underlyingE4Enum"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Enum</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a809639c35a5a0daa5e1cc84c522c75c9"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">underlying</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10underlyingE12underlying_tI4EnumE4Enum" title="fmt::underlying::Enum">Enum</a> <em>e</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; underlying_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10underlyingE12underlying_tI4EnumE4Enum" title="fmt::underlying::Enum">Enum</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10underlyingE12underlying_tI4EnumE4Enum" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    778. 

  778. <dd><p><p><p>Converts <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">e</span></code> to the underlying type.</p>
    779. 

  779. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    780. 

  780. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">green</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    781. 

  781. <span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">underlying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    782. 

  782. </pre></div>
    783. 

  783. </div>
    784. 

  784. </p>
    785. 

  785.  </p>
    786. 

  786. </dd></dl>
    787. 

  787. 

  788. <dl class="cpp function">
    789. 

  789. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt9to_stringENSt6stringERK1T">
    790. 

  790. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt9to_stringERK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt9to_stringERK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1ae498a7e951bb8f06f53bd6cb4e371633"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">to_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt9to_stringENSt6stringERK1T" title="fmt::to_string::T">T</a> &amp;<em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; std::string<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt9to_stringENSt6stringERK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    791. 

  791. <dd><p><p><p>Converts <em>value</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::string</span></code> using the default format for type <em>T</em>.</p>
    792. 

  792. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    793. 

  793. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/format.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    794. 

  794. 

  795. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">to_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    796. 

  796. </pre></div>
    797. 

  797. </div>
    798. 

  798. </p>
    799. 

  799.  </p>
    800. 

  800. </dd></dl>
    801. 

  801. 

  802. <dl class="cpp function">
    803. 

  803. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view">
    804. 

  804. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt4joinERR5Range11string_view"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt4joinERR5Range11string_view"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">Range</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a6bcb993efacb2f2b423c408a7f99811a"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">join</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view" title="fmt::join::Range">Range</a> &amp;&amp;<em>range</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="fmt::string_view">string_view</a> <em>sep</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; join_view&lt;detail::iterator_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view" title="fmt::join::Range">Range</a>&gt;, detail::sentinel_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view" title="fmt::join::Range">Range</a>&gt;&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    805. 

  805. <dd><p><p><p>Returns a view that formats <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view" title="fmt::join::range"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range</span></code></a> with elements separated by <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewIN6detail10iterator_tI5RangeEEN6detail10sentinel_tI5RangeEEERR5Range11string_view" title="fmt::join::sep"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sep</span></code></a>.</p>
    806. 

  806. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    807. 

  807. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    808. 

  808. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    809. 

  809. <span class="c1">// Output: &quot;1, 2, 3&quot;</span>
    810. 

  810. </pre></div>
    811. 

  811. </div>
    812. 

  812. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::join</span></code> applies passed format specifiers to the range elements:</p>
    813. 

  813. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{:02}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    814. 

  814. <span class="c1">// Output: &quot;01, 02, 03&quot;</span>
    815. 

  815. </pre></div>
    816. 

  816. </div>
    817. 

  817. </p>
    818. 

  818.  </p>
    819. 

  819. </dd></dl>
    820. 

  820. 

  821. <dl class="cpp function">
    822. 

  822. <dt id="_CPPv4I00EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewI2It8SentinelE2It8Sentinel11string_view">
    823. 

  823. <span id="_CPPv3I00EN3fmt4joinE2It8Sentinel11string_view"></span><span id="_CPPv2I00EN3fmt4joinE2It8Sentinel11string_view"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">It</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">Sentinel</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a0d920c12aba189c116ca1a33aee29f7f"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">join</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewI2It8SentinelE2It8Sentinel11string_view" title="fmt::join::It">It</a> <em>begin</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewI2It8SentinelE2It8Sentinel11string_view" title="fmt::join::Sentinel">Sentinel</a> <em>end</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt11string_viewE" title="fmt::string_view">string_view</a> <em>sep</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; join_view&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewI2It8SentinelE2It8Sentinel11string_view" title="fmt::join::It">It</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewI2It8SentinelE2It8Sentinel11string_view" title="fmt::join::Sentinel">Sentinel</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I00EN3fmt4joinE9join_viewI2It8SentinelE2It8Sentinel11string_view" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    824. 

  824. <dd><p>Returns a view that formats the iterator range <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[begin,</span> <span class="pre">end)</span></code> with elements separated by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sep</span></code>. </p>
    825. 

  825. </dd></dl>
    826. 

  826. 

  827. <dl class="cpp function">
    828. 

  828. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt12group_digitsE17group_digits_viewI1TE1T">
    829. 

  829. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt12group_digitsE1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt12group_digitsE1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a229cf9b3f39965821d68af045a5f6cc4"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">group_digits</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt12group_digitsE17group_digits_viewI1TE1T" title="fmt::group_digits::T">T</a> <em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; group_digits_view&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt12group_digitsE17group_digits_viewI1TE1T" title="fmt::group_digits::T">T</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt12group_digitsE17group_digits_viewI1TE1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    830. 

  830. <dd><p><p><p>Returns a view that formats an integer value using ‘,’ as a locale-independent
    831. 

  831. thousands separator.</p>
    832. 

  832. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    833. 

  833. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">group_digits</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12345</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    834. 

  834. <span class="c1">// Output: &quot;12,345&quot;</span>
    835. 

  835. </pre></div>
    836. 

  836. </div>
    837. 

  837. </p>
    838. 

  838.  </p>
    839. 

  839. </dd></dl>
    840. 

  840. 

  841. <dl class="cpp class">
    842. 

  842. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE">
    843. 

  843. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt::detail<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">buffer</code><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    844. 

  844. <dd><p><p><p>A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. It is an internal
    845. 

  845. class and shouldn’t be used directly, only via <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_memory_buffer</span></code></a>.</p>
    846. 

  846. </p>
    847. 

  847.  </p>
    848. 

  848. <p>Subclassed by <a class="reference internal" href="#classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer"><span class="std std-ref">fmt::basic_memory_buffer&lt; bigit, bigits_capacity &gt;</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer"><span class="std std-ref">fmt::basic_memory_buffer&lt; wchar_t &gt;</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer"><span class="std std-ref">fmt::basic_memory_buffer&lt; T, SIZE, Allocator &gt;</span></a>, fmt::detail::iterator_buffer&lt; OutputIt, T, Traits &gt;, fmt::detail::iterator_buffer&lt; T *, T &gt;, fmt::detail::iterator_buffer&lt; T *, T, fixed_buffer_traits &gt;</p>
    849. 

  849. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    850. 

  850. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    851. 

  851. <dl class="cpp function">
    852. 

  852. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt6detail6buffer4sizeEv">
    853. 

  853. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt6detail6buffer4sizeEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt6detail6buffer4sizeEv"></span><span id="fmt::detail::buffer::sizeCCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer_1a490109c8af99a7bbc522bab73c6d6a3f"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-name descname">size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; size_t<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt6detail6buffer4sizeEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    854. 

  854. <dd><p>Returns the size of this buffer. </p>
    855. 

  855. </dd></dl>
    856. 

  856. 

  857. <dl class="cpp function">
    858. 

  858. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt6detail6buffer8capacityEv">
    859. 

  859. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt6detail6buffer8capacityEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt6detail6buffer8capacityEv"></span><span id="fmt::detail::buffer::capacityCCE"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer_1af35c750f68db5aee87528c56ad773fc3"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-name descname">capacity</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; size_t<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt6detail6buffer8capacityEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    860. 

  860. <dd><p>Returns the capacity of this buffer. </p>
    861. 

  861. </dd></dl>
    862. 

  862. 

  863. <dl class="cpp function">
    864. 

  864. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv">
    865. 

  865. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv"></span><span id="fmt::detail::buffer::data"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer_1ad520da92b9f427d5a1943c0806f55d99"></span>auto <code class="sig-name descname">data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE" title="fmt::detail::buffer::T">T</a>*<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    866. 

  866. <dd><p>Returns a pointer to the buffer data. </p>
    867. 

  867. </dd></dl>
    868. 

  868. 

  869. <dl class="cpp function">
    870. 

  870. <dt id="_CPPv4NK3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv">
    871. 

  871. <span id="_CPPv3NK3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2NK3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv"></span><span id="fmt::detail::buffer::dataC"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer_1a3e1655ac7956476a2d8f8f3a3e8f8e2b"></span>auto <code class="sig-name descname">data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">const</em> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE" title="fmt::detail::buffer::T">T</a>*<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4NK3fmt6detail6buffer4dataEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    872. 

  872. <dd><p>Returns a pointer to the buffer data. </p>
    873. 

  873. </dd></dl>
    874. 

  874. 

  875. <dl class="cpp function">
    876. 

  876. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt6detail6buffer5clearEv">
    877. 

  877. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt6detail6buffer5clearEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt6detail6buffer5clearEv"></span><span id="fmt::detail::buffer::clear"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer_1ac64497e345116bae746b638cedb7ac20"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">clear</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6detail6buffer5clearEv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    878. 

  878. <dd><p>Clears this buffer. </p>
    879. 

  879. </dd></dl>
    880. 

  880. 

  881. <dl class="cpp function">
    882. 

  882. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6buffer6appendEvPK1UPK1U">
    883. 

  883. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt6detail6buffer6appendEPK1UPK1U"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt6detail6buffer6appendEPK1UPK1U"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">U</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1detail_1_1buffer_1afae920b7b90cc657d4bd9df9ceac4c2b"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">append</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6buffer6appendEvPK1UPK1U" title="fmt::detail::buffer::append::U">U</a> *<em>begin</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6buffer6appendEvPK1UPK1U" title="fmt::detail::buffer::append::U">U</a> *<em>end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6buffer6appendEvPK1UPK1U" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    884. 

  884. <dd><p>Appends data to the end of the buffer. </p>
    885. 

  885. </dd></dl>
    886. 

  886. 

  887. </div>
    888. 

  888. </dd></dl>
    889. 

  889. 

  890. <dl class="cpp class">
    891. 

  891. <dt id="_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE">
    892. 

  892. <span id="_CPPv3I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>, size_t <code class="sig-name descname">SIZE</code> = inline_buffer_size, typename <code class="sig-name descname">Allocator</code> = std::allocator&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::T">T</a>&gt;&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">basic_memory_buffer</code> : <em class="property">public</em> fmt::detail::<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE" title="fmt::detail::buffer">buffer</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::T">T</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    893. 

  893. <dd><p><p><p>A dynamically growing memory buffer for trivially copyable/constructible types
    894. 

  894. with the first <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIZE</span></code> elements stored in the object itself.</p>
    895. 

  895. <p>You can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memory_buffer</span></code> type alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span></code> instead.</p>
    896. 

  896. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    897. 

  897. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">memory_buffer</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
    898. 

  898. <span class="n">format_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">back_inserter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;The answer is {}.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    899. 

  899. </pre></div>
    900. 

  900. </div>
    901. 

  901. <p>This will append the following output to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code> object:</p>
    902. 

  902. <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>The answer is 42.
    903. 

  903. </pre></div>
    904. 

  904. </div>
    905. 

  905. <p>The output can be converted to an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::string</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">to_string(out)</span></code>.</p>
    906. 

  906. </p>
    907. 

  907.  </p>
    908. 

  908. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    909. 

  909. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    910. 

  910. <dl class="cpp function">
    911. 

  911. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer19basic_memory_bufferERR19basic_memory_buffer">
    912. 

  912. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer19basic_memory_bufferERR19basic_memory_buffer"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer19basic_memory_bufferERR19basic_memory_buffer"></span><span id="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::basic_memory_buffer__basic_memory_bufferRR"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer_1aec38f6a7ca917da114e568bc15bc80f6"></span><code class="sig-name descname">basic_memory_buffer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer19basic_memory_bufferERR19basic_memory_buffer" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::basic_memory_buffer">basic_memory_buffer</a> &amp;&amp;<em>other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer19basic_memory_bufferERR19basic_memory_buffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    913. 

  913. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::basic_memory_buffer</span></code></a> object moving the content
    914. 

  914. of the other object to it.</p>
    915. 

  915. </p>
    916. 

  916.  </p>
    917. 

  917. </dd></dl>
    918. 

  918. 

  919. <dl class="cpp function">
    920. 

  920. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_bufferaSERR19basic_memory_buffer">
    921. 

  921. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt19basic_memory_bufferaSERR19basic_memory_buffer"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt19basic_memory_bufferaSERR19basic_memory_buffer"></span><span id="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::assign-operator__basic_memory_bufferRR"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer_1a4aba406807261c3f67426706f788bc83"></span>auto <code class="sig-name descname">operator=</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer">basic_memory_buffer</a> &amp;&amp;<em>other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em> -&gt; <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer">basic_memory_buffer</a>&amp;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_bufferaSERR19basic_memory_buffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    922. 

  922. <dd><p><p><p>Moves the content of the other <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">basic_memory_buffer</span></code> object to this one.</p>
    923. 

  923. </p>
    924. 

  924.  </p>
    925. 

  925. </dd></dl>
    926. 

  926. 

  927. <dl class="cpp function">
    928. 

  928. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer6resizeE6size_t">
    929. 

  929. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer6resizeE6size_t"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer6resizeE6size_t"></span><span id="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::resize__s"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer_1a29692fe33fa3b6a0a6af43e2368b80be"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">resize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>size_t <em>count</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer6resizeE6size_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    930. 

  930. <dd><p>Resizes the buffer to contain <em>count</em> elements. </p>
    931. 

  931. <p>If T is a POD type new elements may not be initialized. </p>
    932. 

  932. </dd></dl>
    933. 

  933. 

  934. <dl class="cpp function">
    935. 

  935. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer7reserveE6size_t">
    936. 

  936. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer7reserveE6size_t"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer7reserveE6size_t"></span><span id="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::reserve__s"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer_1a8398ff2d3ab710d960b32d5695680551"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">reserve</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>size_t <em>new_capacity</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer7reserveE6size_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    937. 

  937. <dd><p>Increases the buffer capacity to <em>new_capacity</em>. </p>
    938. 

  938. </dd></dl>
    939. 

  939. 

  940. </div>
    941. 

  941. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    942. 

  942. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Protected Functions</p>
    943. 

  943. <dl class="cpp function">
    944. 

  944. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer4growE6size_t">
    945. 

  945. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer4growE6size_t"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer4growE6size_t"></span><span id="fmt::basic_memory_buffer::grow__s"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1basic__memory__buffer_1aeca96953f3c076256cf069c6b0dfef07"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">grow</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>size_t <em>size</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">override</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19basic_memory_buffer4growE6size_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    946. 

  946. <dd><p>Increases the buffer capacity to hold at least <em>capacity</em> elements. </p>
    947. 

  947. </dd></dl>
    948. 

  948. 

  949. </div>
    950. 

  950. </dd></dl>
    951. 

  951. 

  952. </section>
    953. 

  953. <section id="system-errors">
    954. 

  954. <h3>System Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#system-errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    955. 

  955. <p>{fmt} does not use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> to communicate errors to the user, but it may call
    956. 

  956. system functions which set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code>. Users should not make any assumptions
    957. 

  957. about the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> being preserved by library functions.</p>
    958. 

  958. <dl class="cpp function">
    959. 

  959. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt12system_errorENSt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    960. 

  960. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="format_8h_1aa2da9f32c148ea5b56bd8e744a428d28"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt12system_errorENSt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::system_error::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">system_error</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int <em>error_code</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt12system_errorENSt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::system_error::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt12system_errorENSt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::system_error::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; std::system_error<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt12system_errorENSt12system_errorEi13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    961. 

  961. <dd><p><p><p>Constructs <code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::system_error</span></code> with a message formatted with
    962. 

  962. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::format(fmt,</span> <span class="pre">args...)</span></code>.</p>
    963. 

  963. <blockquote>
    964. 

  964. <div><p><em>error_code</em> is a system error code as given by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code>.</p>
    965. 

  965. </div></blockquote>
    966. 

  966. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    967. 

  967. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// This throws std::system_error with the description</span>
    968. 

  968. <span class="c1">//   cannot open file &#39;madeup&#39;: No such file or directory</span>
    969. 

  969. <span class="c1">// or similar (system message may vary).</span>
    970. 

  970. <span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;madeup&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    971. 

  971. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="kt">FILE</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">fopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    972. 

  972. <span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
    973. 

  973. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">system_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">errno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;cannot open file &#39;{}&#39;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    974. 

  974. </pre></div>
    975. 

  975. </div>
    976. 

  976. </p>
    977. 

  977.  </p>
    978. 

  978. </dd></dl>
    979. 

  979. 

  980. <dl class="cpp function">
    981. 

  981. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt19format_system_errorERN6detail6bufferIcEEiPKc">
    982. 

  982. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt19format_system_errorERN6detail6bufferIcEEiPKc"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt19format_system_errorERN6detail6bufferIcEEiPKc"></span><span id="fmt::format_system_error__detail::buffer:c:R.i.cCP"></span><span class="target" id="format_8h_1a51bce415ec78dfa92c6acecb16a69640"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">format_system_error</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>detail::<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE" title="fmt::detail::buffer">buffer</a>&lt;char&gt; &amp;<em>out</em>, int <em>error_code</em>, <em class="property">const</em> char *<em>message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt19format_system_errorERN6detail6bufferIcEEiPKc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    983. 

  983. <dd><p><p><p>Formats an error message for an error returned by an operating system or a
    984. 

  984. language runtime, for example a file opening error, and writes it to <em>out</em>.
    985. 

  985. The format is the same as the one used by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::system_error(ec,</span> <span class="pre">message)</span></code>
    986. 

  986. where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ec</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::error_code(error_code,</span> <span class="pre">std::generic_category()})</span></code>.
    987. 

  987. It is implementation-defined but normally looks like:</p>
    988. 

  988. <pre class="literal-block"><em>&lt;message&gt;</em>: <em>&lt;system-message&gt;</em></pre>
    989. 

  989. <p>where <em>&lt;message&gt;</em> is the passed message and <em>&lt;system-message&gt;</em> is the system
    990. 

  990. message corresponding to the error code.
    991. 

  991. <em>error_code</em> is a system error code as given by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code>.</p>
    992. 

  992. </p>
    993. 

  993.  </p>
    994. 

  994. </dd></dl>
    995. 

  995. 

  996. </section>
    997. 

  997. <section id="custom-allocators">
    998. 

  998. <h3>Custom Allocators<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-allocators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    999. 

  999. <p>The {fmt} library supports custom dynamic memory allocators.
    1000. 

  1000. A custom allocator class can be specified as a template argument to
    1001. 

  1001. <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0_6size_t0EN3fmt19basic_memory_bufferE" title="fmt::basic_memory_buffer"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::basic_memory_buffer</span></code></a>:</p>
    1002. 

  1002. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_memory_buffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
    1003. 

  1003. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">basic_memory_buffer</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">inline_buffer_size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_allocator</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1004. 

  1004. </pre></div>
    1005. 

  1005. </div>
    1006. 

  1006. <p>It is also possible to write a formatting function that uses a custom
    1007. 

  1007. allocator:</p>
    1008. 

  1008. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
    1009. 

  1009. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">basic_string</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">char_traits</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_allocator</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1010. 

  1010. 

  1011. <span class="n">custom_string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">vformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">custom_allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
    1012. 

  1012. <span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    1013. 

  1013. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_memory_buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1014. 

  1014. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vformat_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">back_inserter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1015. 

  1015. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1016. 

  1016. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    1017. 

  1017. 

  1018. <span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1019. 

  1019. <span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom_string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">custom_allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
    1020. 

  1020. <span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
    1021. 

  1021. <span class="w">                            </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    1022. 

  1022. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">make_format_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...));</span><span class="w"></span>
    1023. 

  1023. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    1024. 

  1024. </pre></div>
    1025. 

  1025. </div>
    1026. 

  1026. <p>The allocator will be used for the output container only. Formatting functions
    1027. 

  1027. normally don’t do any allocations for built-in and string types except for
    1028. 

  1028. non-default floating-point formatting that occasionally falls back on
    1029. 

  1029. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sprintf</span></code>.</p>
    1030. 

  1030. </section>
    1031. 

  1031. </section>
    1032. 

  1032. <section id="range-and-tuple-formatting">
    1033. 

  1033. <span id="ranges-api"></span><h2>Range and Tuple Formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#range-and-tuple-formatting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1034. 

  1034. <p>The library also supports convenient formatting of ranges and tuples:</p>
    1035. 

  1035. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/ranges.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    1036. 

  1036. 

  1037. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sc">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.0f</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    1038. 

  1038. <span class="c1">// Prints &quot;(&#39;a&#39;, 1, 2.0)&quot;</span>
    1039. 

  1039. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1040. 

  1040. </pre></div>
    1041. 

  1041. </div>
    1042. 

  1042. <p>NOTE: currently, the overload of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::join</span></code> for iterables exists in the main
    1043. 

  1043. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format.h</span></code> header, but expect this to change in the future.</p>
    1044. 

  1044. <p>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt::join</span></code>, you can separate tuple elements with a custom separator:</p>
    1045. 

  1045. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/ranges.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    1046. 

  1046. 

  1047. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    1048. 

  1048. <span class="c1">// Prints &quot;1, a&quot;</span>
    1049. 

  1049. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    1050. 

  1050. </pre></div>
    1051. 

  1051. </div>
    1052. 

  1052. </section>
    1053. 

  1053. <section id="date-and-time-formatting">
    1054. 

  1054. <span id="chrono-api"></span><h2>Date and Time Formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#date-and-time-formatting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1055. 

  1055. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/chrono.h</span></code> provides formatters for</p>
    1056. 

  1056. <ul class="simple">
    1057. 

  1057. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/duration">std::chrono::duration</a></p></li>
    1058. 

  1058. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/time_point">std::chrono::time_point</a></p></li>
    1059. 

  1059. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/tm">std::tm</a></p></li>
    1060. 

  1060. </ul>
    1061. 

  1061. <p>The format syntax is described in <a class="reference internal" href="syntax.html#chrono-specs"><span class="std std-ref">Chrono Format Specifications</span></a>.</p>
    1062. 

  1062. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1063. 

  1063. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/chrono.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    1064. 

  1064. 

  1065. <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    1066. 

  1066. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="kt">time_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1067. 

  1067. 

  1068. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Prints &quot;The date is 2020-11-07.&quot; (with the current date):</span>
    1069. 

  1069. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The date is {:%Y-%m-%d}.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">localtime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
    1070. 

  1070. 

  1071. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="nn">literals</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="nn">chrono_literals</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1072. 

  1072. 

  1073. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Prints &quot;Default format: 42s 100ms&quot;:</span>
    1074. 

  1074. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Default format: {} {}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1075. 

  1075. 

  1076. <span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// Prints &quot;strftime-like format: 03:15:30&quot;:</span>
    1077. 

  1077. <span class="w">  </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1078. 

  1078. <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    1079. 

  1079. </pre></div>
    1080. 

  1080. </div>
    1081. 

  1081. <dl class="cpp function">
    1082. 

  1082. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt9localtimeENSt6time_tE">
    1083. 

  1083. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt9localtimeENSt6time_tE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt9localtimeENSt6time_tE"></span><span id="fmt::localtime__std::time_t"></span><span class="target" id="chrono_8h_1a5a6084b124ad167a65ce0a01209c2771"></span>std::tm <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">localtime</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>std::time_t <em>time</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt9localtimeENSt6time_tE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1084. 

  1084. <dd><p>Converts given time since epoch as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::time_t</span></code> value into calendar time, expressed in local time. </p>
    1085. 

  1085. <p>Unlike <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::localtime</span></code>, this function is thread-safe on most platforms. </p>
    1086. 

  1086. </dd></dl>
    1087. 

  1087. 

  1088. <dl class="cpp function">
    1089. 

  1089. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt6gmtimeENSt6time_tE">
    1090. 

  1090. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt6gmtimeENSt6time_tE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt6gmtimeENSt6time_tE"></span><span id="fmt::gmtime__std::time_t"></span><span class="target" id="chrono_8h_1aa4daedca37ef22c6b073daa8b055d585"></span>std::tm <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">gmtime</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>std::time_t <em>time</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt6gmtimeENSt6time_tE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1091. 

  1091. <dd><p>Converts given time since epoch as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::time_t</span></code> value into calendar time, expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). </p>
    1092. 

  1092. <p>Unlike <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::gmtime</span></code>, this function is thread-safe on most platforms. </p>
    1093. 

  1093. </dd></dl>
    1094. 

  1094. 

  1095. </section>
    1096. 

  1096. <section id="standard-library-types-formatting">
    1097. 

  1097. <span id="std-api"></span><h2>Standard Library Types Formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-library-types-formatting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1098. 

  1098. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/std.h</span></code> provides formatters for:</p>
    1099. 

  1099. <ul class="simple">
    1100. 

  1100. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/filesystem/path">std::filesystem::path</a></p></li>
    1101. 

  1101. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread/thread/id">std::thread::id</a></p></li>
    1102. 

  1102. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant/monostate">std::monostate</a></p></li>
    1103. 

  1103. <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant/variant">std::variant</a></p></li>
    1104. 

  1104. </ul>
    1105. 

  1105. <section id="formatting-variants">
    1106. 

  1106. <h3>Formatting Variants<a class="headerlink" href="#formatting-variants" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
    1107. 

  1107. <p>A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::variant</span></code> is only formattable if every variant alternative is formattable, and requires the
    1108. 

  1108. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cpp_lib_variant</span></code> <a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/feature_test">library feature</a>.</p>
    1109. 

  1109. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1110. 

  1110. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/std.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    1111. 

  1111. 

  1112. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">variant</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v0</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sc">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    1113. 

  1113. <span class="c1">// Prints &quot;variant(&#39;x&#39;)&quot;</span>
    1114. 

  1114. <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1115. 

  1115. 

  1116. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">variant</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">monostate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1117. 

  1117. <span class="c1">// Prints &quot;variant(monostate)&quot;</span>
    1118. 

  1118. </pre></div>
    1119. 

  1119. </div>
    1120. 

  1120. </section>
    1121. 

  1121. </section>
    1122. 

  1122. <section id="format-string-compilation">
    1123. 

  1123. <span id="compile-api"></span><h2>Format String Compilation<a class="headerlink" href="#format-string-compilation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1124. 

  1124. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/compile.h</span></code> provides format string compilation enabled via the
    1125. 

  1125. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_COMPILE</span></code> macro or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_cf</span></code> user-defined literal. Format strings
    1126. 

  1126. marked with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_COMPILE</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_cf</span></code> are parsed, checked and converted into
    1127. 

  1127. efficient formatting code at compile-time. This supports arguments of built-in
    1128. 

  1128. and string types as well as user-defined types with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constexpr</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse</span></code>
    1129. 

  1129. functions in their <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">formatter</span></code> specializations. Format string compilation can
    1130. 

  1130. generate more binary code compared to the default API and is only recommended in
    1131. 

  1131. places where formatting is a performance bottleneck.</p>
    1132. 

  1132. <dl class="cpp macro">
    1133. 

  1133. <dt id="c.FMT_COMPILE">
    1134. 

  1134. <span class="target" id="compile_8h_1a7186ba53487a4df4602ae1d75658db29"></span><code class="sig-name descname">FMT_COMPILE</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>s</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.FMT_COMPILE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1135. 

  1135. <dd><p><p><p>Converts a string literal <em>s</em> into a format string that will be parsed at
    1136. 

  1136. compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
    1137. 

  1137. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constexpr</span> <span class="pre">if</span></code> compiler support.</p>
    1138. 

  1138. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1139. 

  1139. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no</span>
    1140. 

  1140. <span class="c1">// runtime format string processing.</span>
    1141. 

  1141. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FMT_COMPILE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1142. 

  1142. </pre></div>
    1143. 

  1143. </div>
    1144. 

  1144. </p>
    1145. 

  1145.  </p>
    1146. 

  1146. </dd></dl>
    1147. 

  1147. 

  1148. <dl class="cpp function">
    1149. 

  1149. <dt id="_CPPv4I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli3_cfEDav">
    1150. 

  1150. <span id="_CPPv3I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli3_cfEv"></span><span id="_CPPv2I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli3_cfEv"></span>template&lt;detail_exported::fixed_string <code class="sig-name descname">Str</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="compile_8h_1a79b71ea3d1d76cb384707cf16136fad5"></span><em class="property">constexpr</em> auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">operator&quot;&quot;_cf</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I_N15detail_exported12fixed_stringEEN3fmtli3_cfEDav" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1151. 

  1151. <dd></dd></dl>
    1152. 

  1152. 

  1153. </section>
    1154. 

  1154. <section id="terminal-color-and-text-style">
    1155. 

  1155. <span id="color-api"></span><h2>Terminal Color and Text Style<a class="headerlink" href="#terminal-color-and-text-style" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1156. 

  1156. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/color.h</span></code> provides support for terminal color and text style output.</p>
    1157. 

  1157. <dl class="cpp function">
    1158. 

  1158. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt5printEvRK10text_styleRK1SDpRK4Args">
    1159. 

  1159. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt5printERK10text_styleRK1SDpRK4Args"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt5printERK10text_styleRK1SDpRK4Args"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">S</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">Args</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="color_8h_1a2cc2ce51809b329a491730a7b7c13318"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">print</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> text_style &amp;<em>ts</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt5printEvRK10text_styleRK1SDpRK4Args" title="fmt::print::S">S</a> &amp;<em>format_str</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt5printEvRK10text_styleRK1SDpRK4Args" title="fmt::print::Args">Args</a>&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt5printEvRK10text_styleRK1SDpRK4Args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1160. 

  1160. <dd><p><p><p>Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
    1161. 

  1161. specify text formatting.</p>
    1162. 

  1162. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1163. 

  1163. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">emphasis</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">bold</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
    1164. 

  1164. <span class="w">           </span><span class="s">&quot;Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.23</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1165. 

  1165. </pre></div>
    1166. 

  1166. </div>
    1167. 

  1167. </p>
    1168. 

  1168.  </p>
    1169. 

  1169. </dd></dl>
    1170. 

  1170. 

  1171. <dl class="cpp function">
    1172. 

  1172. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt2fgEN6detail10color_typeE">
    1173. 

  1173. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt2fgEN6detail10color_typeE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt2fgEN6detail10color_typeE"></span><span id="fmt::fg__detail::color_type"></span><span class="target" id="color_8h_1ae562883659d1d3f838b051b582cf7744"></span>text_style <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">fg</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>detail::color_type <em>foreground</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt2fgEN6detail10color_typeE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1174. 

  1174. <dd><p>Creates a text style from the foreground (text) color. </p>
    1175. 

  1175. </dd></dl>
    1176. 

  1176. 

  1177. <dl class="cpp function">
    1178. 

  1178. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt2bgEN6detail10color_typeE">
    1179. 

  1179. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt2bgEN6detail10color_typeE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt2bgEN6detail10color_typeE"></span><span id="fmt::bg__detail::color_type"></span><span class="target" id="color_8h_1a6620824c655d9578079f0a7389775bf4"></span>text_style <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">bg</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>detail::color_type <em>background</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <em class="property">noexcept</em><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt2bgEN6detail10color_typeE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1180. 

  1180. <dd><p>Creates a text style from the background color. </p>
    1181. 

  1181. </dd></dl>
    1182. 

  1182. 

  1183. <dl class="cpp function">
    1184. 

  1184. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6styledEN6detail10styled_argI14remove_cvref_tI1TEEERK1T10text_style">
    1185. 

  1185. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt6styledERK1T10text_style"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt6styledERK1T10text_style"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="color_8h_1a5b813d1f62f762566cbdf3dfbfe19f9b"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">styled</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6styledEN6detail10styled_argI14remove_cvref_tI1TEEERK1T10text_style" title="fmt::styled::T">T</a> &amp;<em>value</em>, text_style <em>ts</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; detail::styled_arg&lt;remove_cvref_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6styledEN6detail10styled_argI14remove_cvref_tI1TEEERK1T10text_style" title="fmt::styled::T">T</a>&gt;&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6styledEN6detail10styled_argI14remove_cvref_tI1TEEERK1T10text_style" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1186. 

  1186. <dd><p><p><p>Returns an argument that will be formatted using ANSI escape sequences,
    1187. 

  1187. to be used in a formatting function.</p>
    1188. 

  1188. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1189. 

  1189. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
    1190. 

  1190. <span class="w">           </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">styled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.23</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">fg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">green</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
    1191. 

  1191. <span class="w">                             </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">bg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">blue</span><span class="p">)));</span><span class="w"></span>
    1192. 

  1192. </pre></div>
    1193. 

  1193. </div>
    1194. 

  1194. </p>
    1195. 

  1195.  </p>
    1196. 

  1196. </dd></dl>
    1197. 

  1197. 

  1198. </section>
    1199. 

  1199. <section id="system-apis">
    1200. 

  1200. <span id="os-api"></span><h2>System APIs<a class="headerlink" href="#system-apis" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1201. 

  1201. <dl class="cpp class">
    1202. 

  1202. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt7ostreamE">
    1203. 

  1203. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt7ostreamE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt7ostreamE"></span><span id="fmt::ostream"></span><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1ostream"></span><em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">ostream</code> : <em class="property">private</em> fmt::detail::<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt6detail6bufferE" title="fmt::detail::buffer">buffer</a>&lt;char&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7ostreamE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1204. 

  1204. <dd><p>A fast output stream which is not thread-safe. </p>
    1205. 

  1205. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    1206. 

  1206. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Public Functions</p>
    1207. 

  1207. <dl class="cpp function">
    1208. 

  1208. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    1209. 

  1209. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt7ostream5printE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt7ostream5printE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1ostream_1aeffd7c3e05f5178e689dd18e648704d5"></span>void <code class="sig-name descname">print</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::ostream::print::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::ostream::print::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream5printEv13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1210. 

  1210. <dd><p>Formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> according to specifications in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> and writes the output to the file. </p>
    1211. 

  1211. </dd></dl>
    1212. 

  1212. 

  1213. </div>
    1214. 

  1214. <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container">
    1215. 

  1215. <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric">Friends</p>
    1216. 

  1216. <dl class="cpp function">
    1217. 

  1217. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream11output_fileE7ostream12cstring_viewDp1T">
    1218. 

  1218. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt7ostream11output_fileE12cstring_viewDp1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt7ostream11output_fileE12cstring_viewDp1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="classfmt_1_1ostream_1ae2b994bc71e34d2cfdcec7717985cb05"></span><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt7ostreamE" title="fmt::ostream">ostream</a> <code class="sig-name descname">output_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>cstring_view <em>path</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream11output_fileE7ostream12cstring_viewDp1T" title="fmt::ostream::output_file::T">T</a>... <em>params</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt7ostream11output_fileE7ostream12cstring_viewDp1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1219. 

  1219. <dd><p><p><p>Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in <em>params</em>:</p>
    1220. 

  1220. <ul class="simple">
    1221. 

  1221. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;integer&gt;</span></code>: Flags passed to <a class="reference external" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html">open</a>
    1222. 

  1222. (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file::WRONLY</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">file::CREATE</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">file::TRUNC</span></code> by default)</p></li>
    1223. 

  1223. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buffer_size=&lt;integer&gt;</span></code>: Output buffer size</p></li>
    1224. 

  1224. </ul>
    1225. 

  1225. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1226. 

  1226. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">output_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;guide.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1227. 

  1227. <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Don&#39;t {}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Panic&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1228. 

  1228. </pre></div>
    1229. 

  1229. </div>
    1230. 

  1230. </p>
    1231. 

  1231.  </p>
    1232. 

  1232. </dd></dl>
    1233. 

  1233. 

  1234. </div>
    1235. 

  1235. </dd></dl>
    1236. 

  1236. 

  1237. </section>
    1238. 

  1238. <section id="std-ostream-support">
    1239. 

  1239. <span id="ostream-api"></span><h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::ostream</span></code> Support<a class="headerlink" href="#std-ostream-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1240. 

  1240. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/ostream.h</span></code> provides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::ostream</span></code> support including formatting of
    1241. 

  1241. user-defined types that have an overloaded insertion operator (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">operator&lt;&lt;</span></code>).
    1242. 

  1242. In order to make a type formattable via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::ostream</span></code> you should provide a
    1243. 

  1243. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">formatter</span></code> specialization inherited from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ostream_formatter</span></code>:</p>
    1244. 

  1244. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;fmt/ostream.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
    1245. 

  1245. 

  1246. <span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    1247. 

  1247. <span class="w">  </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">month</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1248. 

  1248. 

  1249. <span class="w">  </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ostream</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ostream</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    1250. 

  1250. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">month</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    1251. 

  1251. <span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
    1252. 

  1252. <span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
    1253. 

  1253. 

  1254. <span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ostream_formatter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span><span class="w"></span>
    1255. 

  1255. 

  1256. <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The date is {}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2012</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
    1257. 

  1257. <span class="c1">// s == &quot;The date is 2012-12-9&quot;</span>
    1258. 

  1258. </pre></div>
    1259. 

  1259. </div>
    1260. 

  1260. <dl class="cpp function">
    1261. 

  1261. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt8streamedEN6detail13streamed_viewI1TEERK1T">
    1262. 

  1262. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt8streamedERK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt8streamedERK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="ostream_8h_1a44fd703bec9e05e6ad83cdcb300d2b82"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">streamed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt8streamedEN6detail13streamed_viewI1TEERK1T" title="fmt::streamed::T">T</a> &amp;<em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; detail::streamed_view&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt8streamedEN6detail13streamed_viewI1TEERK1T" title="fmt::streamed::T">T</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt8streamedEN6detail13streamed_viewI1TEERK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1263. 

  1263. <dd><p><p><p>Returns a view that formats <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt8streamedEN6detail13streamed_viewI1TEERK1T" title="fmt::streamed::value"><code class="xref cpp cpp-any docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code></a> via an ostream <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">operator&lt;&lt;</span></code>.</p>
    1264. 

  1264. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1265. 

  1265. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Current thread id: {}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
    1266. 

  1266. <span class="w">           </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">streamed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">this_thread</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">get_id</span><span class="p">()));</span><span class="w"></span>
    1267. 

  1267. </pre></div>
    1268. 

  1268. </div>
    1269. 

  1269. </p>
    1270. 

  1270.  </p>
    1271. 

  1271. </dd></dl>
    1272. 

  1272. 

  1273. <dl class="cpp function">
    1274. 

  1274. <dt id="_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvRNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T">
    1275. 

  1275. <span id="_CPPv3IDpEN3fmt5printERNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2IDpEN3fmt5printERNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T"></span>template&lt;typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="ostream_8h_1a091104cf24873dda703cb3a3202f25f5"></span>void <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvRNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">print</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>std::ostream &amp;<em>os</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt13format_stringE" title="fmt::format_string">format_string</a>&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvRNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::T">T</a>...&gt; <em>fmt</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvRNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="fmt::print::T">T</a>&amp;&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4IDpEN3fmt5printEvRNSt7ostreamE13format_stringIDp1TEDpRR1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1276. 

  1276. <dd><p><p><p>Prints formatted data to the stream <em>os</em>.</p>
    1277. 

  1277. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1278. 

  1278. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cerr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Don&#39;t {}!&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;panic&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1279. 

  1279. </pre></div>
    1280. 

  1280. </div>
    1281. 

  1281. </p>
    1282. 

  1282.  </p>
    1283. 

  1283. </dd></dl>
    1284. 

  1284. 

  1285. </section>
    1286. 

  1286. <section id="printf-formatting">
    1287. 

  1287. <span id="printf-api"></span><h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code> Formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#printf-formatting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1288. 

  1288. <p>The header <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/printf.h</span></code> provides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code>-like formatting functionality.
    1289. 

  1289. The following functions use <a class="reference external" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/fprintf.html">printf format string syntax</a> with
    1290. 

  1290. the POSIX extension for positional arguments. Unlike their standard
    1291. 

  1291. counterparts, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> functions are type-safe and throw an exception if an
    1292. 

  1292. argument type doesn’t match its format specification.</p>
    1293. 

  1293. <dl class="cpp function">
    1294. 

  1294. <dt id="_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt6printfEiRK1SDpRK1T">
    1295. 

  1295. <span id="_CPPv3I0DpEN3fmt6printfERK1SDpRK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0DpEN3fmt6printfERK1SDpRK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">S</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="printf_8h_1ae86f703f0ba1a668b29d86bb5d31b64c"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt6printfEiRK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::printf::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">printf</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt6printfEiRK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::printf::S">S</a> &amp;<em>fmt</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt6printfEiRK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::printf::T">T</a>&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; int<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0DpEN3fmt6printfEiRK1SDpRK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1296. 

  1296. <dd><p><p><p>Prints formatted data to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdout</span></code>.</p>
    1297. 

  1297. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1298. 

  1298. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Elapsed time: %.2f seconds&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.23</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1299. 

  1299. </pre></div>
    1300. 

  1300. </div>
    1301. 

  1301. </p>
    1302. 

  1302.  </p>
    1303. 

  1303. </dd></dl>
    1304. 

  1304. 

  1305. <dl class="cpp function">
    1306. 

  1306. <dt id="_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEiPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T">
    1307. 

  1307. <span id="_CPPv3I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">S</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code> = char_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEiPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::fprintf::S">S</a>&gt;&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="printf_8h_1a4f91e0cd05d87b5d3d3b77eee1a7d07a"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEiPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::fprintf::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">fprintf</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>std::FILE *<em>f</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEiPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::fprintf::S">S</a> &amp;<em>fmt</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEiPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::fprintf::T">T</a>&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; int<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7fprintfEiPNSt4FILEERK1SDpRK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1308. 

  1308. <dd><p><p><p>Prints formatted data to the file <em>f</em>.</p>
    1309. 

  1309. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1310. 

  1310. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Don&#39;t %s!&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;panic&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1311. 

  1311. </pre></div>
    1312. 

  1312. </div>
    1313. 

  1313. </p>
    1314. 

  1314.  </p>
    1315. 

  1315. </dd></dl>
    1316. 

  1316. 

  1317. <dl class="cpp function">
    1318. 

  1318. <dt id="_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T">
    1319. 

  1319. <span id="_CPPv3I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfERK1SDpRK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfERK1SDpRK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">S</code>, typename ...<code class="sig-name descname">T</code>, typename <code class="sig-name descname">Char</code> = enable_if_t&lt;detail::is_string&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::sprintf::S">S</a>&gt;::value, char_t&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::sprintf::S">S</a>&gt;&gt;&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="printf_8h_1ad69b8f4ce3c9f39b062943851ce42626"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname"><a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::sprintf::fmt">fmt</a><code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">sprintf</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::sprintf::S">S</a> &amp;<em>fmt</em>, <em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::sprintf::T">T</a>&amp;... <em>args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; std::basic_string&lt;<a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="fmt::sprintf::Char">Char</a>&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0Dp0EN3fmt7sprintfENSt12basic_stringI4CharEERK1SDpRK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1320. 

  1320. <dd><p><p><p>Formats arguments and returns the result as a string.</p>
    1321. 

  1321. <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
    1322. 

  1322. <div class="highlight-c++ notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The answer is %d&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    1323. 

  1323. </pre></div>
    1324. 

  1324. </div>
    1325. 

  1325. </p>
    1326. 

  1326.  </p>
    1327. 

  1327. </dd></dl>
    1328. 

  1328. 

  1329. </section>
    1330. 

  1330. <section id="wchar-t-support">
    1331. 

  1331. <span id="xchar-api"></span><h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code> Support<a class="headerlink" href="#wchar-t-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1332. 

  1332. <p>The optional header <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt/xchar.h</span></code> provides support for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code> and exotic
    1333. 

  1333. character types.</p>
    1334. 

  1334. <dl class="cpp struct">
    1335. 

  1335. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt7is_charE">
    1336. 

  1336. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt7is_charE"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt7is_charE"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="structfmt_1_1is__char"></span><em class="property">struct </em><code class="sig-name descname">is_char</code> : <em class="property">public</em> std::false_type<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt7is_charE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1337. 

  1337. <dd><p>Specifies if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T</span></code> is a character type. </p>
    1338. 

  1338. <p>Can be specialized by users. </p>
    1339. 

  1339. </dd></dl>
    1340. 

  1340. 

  1341. <dl class="cpp type">
    1342. 

  1342. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt12wstring_viewE">
    1343. 

  1343. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt12wstring_viewE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt12wstring_viewE"></span><span class="target" id="xchar_8h_1a9e27d5144b365f9f9028f921213a1113"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">wstring_view</code> = <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt17basic_string_viewE" title="fmt::basic_string_view">basic_string_view</a>&lt;wchar_t&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt12wstring_viewE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1344. 

  1344. <dd></dd></dl>
    1345. 

  1345. 

  1346. <dl class="cpp type">
    1347. 

  1347. <dt id="_CPPv4N3fmt15wformat_contextE">
    1348. 

  1348. <span id="_CPPv3N3fmt15wformat_contextE"></span><span id="_CPPv2N3fmt15wformat_contextE"></span><span class="target" id="xchar_8h_1ad5fc003f598c0fbc5751d4f9882b5070"></span><em class="property">using </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">wformat_context</code> = buffer_context&lt;wchar_t&gt;<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4N3fmt15wformat_contextE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1349. 

  1349. <dd></dd></dl>
    1350. 

  1350. 

  1351. <dl class="cpp function">
    1352. 

  1352. <dt id="_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10to_wstringENSt7wstringERK1T">
    1353. 

  1353. <span id="_CPPv3I0EN3fmt10to_wstringERK1T"></span><span id="_CPPv2I0EN3fmt10to_wstringERK1T"></span>template&lt;typename <code class="sig-name descname">T</code>&gt;<br /><span class="target" id="xchar_8h_1a97485c79bd9998f452c6aec356f13930"></span>auto <code class="sig-prename descclassname">fmt<code class="sig-prename descclassname">::</code></code><code class="sig-name descname">to_wstring</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property">const</em> <a class="reference internal" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10to_wstringENSt7wstringERK1T" title="fmt::to_wstring::T">T</a> &amp;<em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> -&gt; std::wstring<a class="headerlink" href="#_CPPv4I0EN3fmt10to_wstringENSt7wstringERK1T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
    1354. 

  1354. <dd><p>Converts <em>value</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::wstring</span></code> using the default format for type <em>T</em>. </p>
    1355. 

  1355. </dd></dl>
    1356. 

  1356. 

  1357. </section>
    1358. 

  1358. <section id="compatibility-with-c-20-std-format">
    1359. 

  1359. <h2>Compatibility with C++20 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std::format</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#compatibility-with-c-20-std-format" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    1360. 

  1360. <p>{fmt} implements nearly all of the <a class="reference external" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format">C++20 formatting library</a> with the following
    1361. 

  1361. differences:</p>
    1362. 

  1362. <ul class="simple">
    1363. 

  1363. <li><p>Names are defined in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fmt</span></code> namespace instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std</span></code> to avoid
    1364. 

  1364. collisions with standard library implementations.</p></li>
    1365. 

  1365. <li><p>Width calculation doesn’t use grapheme clusterization. The latter has been
    1366. 

  1366. implemented in a separate branch but hasn’t been integrated yet.</p></li>
    1367. 

  1367. <li><p>Most C++20 chrono types are not supported yet.</p></li>
    1368. 

  1368. </ul>
    1369. 

  1369. </section>
    1370. 

  1370. </section>
    1371. 

  1371. 

  1372. 

  1373.     </div>
    1374. 

  1374.   </div>
    1375. 

  1375. </div>
    1376. 

  1376. 

  1377. 

  1378. 

  1379.     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
    1380. 

  1380.         &copy; Copyright 2012-present, Victor Zverovich.
    1381. 

  1381.       Created using <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 3.3.0.
    1382. 

  1382.     </div>
    1383. 

  1383. 

  1384. <script src="_static/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    1385. 

  1385. 

  1386.   </body>
    1387. 

  1387. </html>
    1388.